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Home » Research & Services » Topics » Marine Life & Processes

Marine Life & Processes

Research at VIMS illuminates the physiology, anatomy, and behavior of marine organisms of all sizes—from microbes and plankton to squid and sea turtles—as well as the biogeochemical processes and food-web interactions that connect them. Research sheds light on benthic ecology, biodiversity, harmful algal blooms (HABs), invasive species, and jellyfish.

Top Stories | Crest Articles | Adv Service Reports | Labs & Groups | SRAMSOE | Articles | Dissertations | Links

Top Stories

VIMS scientists help solve mystery of “alien pod” (October 2010)
Mysterious blob in man-made lake turns out to be a large colony of freshwater bryozoans—aka "moss animals."

Study suggests a third of shark and ray species are threatened (October 2010)
VIMS emeritus professor Jack Musick oversees a global study suggesting that 33% of shark, skate, and ray species are threatened with extinction.

VIMS professor to help announce Census of Marine Life findings (September 2010)
Dr. Tracey Sutton will take part in a news conference at the Royal Institution in London to announce the final results of the landmark, decade-long project.

Study shows that hitchhiking bacteria can go against the flow (August 2010)
A new study co-authored by VIMS professor Kam Tang reveals that tiny aquatic organisms known as "water fleas" play an important role in carrying bacteria to otherwise inaccessible lake and ocean habitats.

Menhaden appear to have little net impact on Bay water quality (March 2010)
A recently published VIMS study suggests that filter feeding by Atlantic menhaden has little net effect on overall water quality in Chesapeake Bay.

VIMS tags and releases green sea turtle (October 2009)
The presence of this tropical species is unusual for this time of year and this far north in the Bay.

Bottom dwellers need more oxygen (August 2009)
A survey of bottom-dwelling animals in Chesapeake Bay reveals that even relatively hardy organisms are under stress due to low oxygen.

Researchers explore mysteries of the deep (June 2009)
VIMS researchers have embarked on a 6-week expedition to study the deep waters of the North Atlantic.

Researchers show that three fish families are one (January 2009)
An international team of scientists including VIMS Asst. Professor Tracey Sutton resolves a long-standing biological puzzle by showing that a group of deep-sea fishes previously classified into 3 separate families are actually the larvae, males, and females of a single family—the whalefishes.

Pollutants found in deep-sea octopods and squids (June 2008)
VIMS researchers have detected manmade contaminants in the tissues of deep-sea squid and octopi. The team's discovery helps explain elevated contaminant levels recently found in whales and other marine mammals, many species of which depend on deep-sea squid and octopi for food.

VIMS researcher discovers sea turtle-El Niño link (May 2008)
Research by Dr. Vincent Saba and colleagues provides the first evidence of a link between declining numbers of leatherback sea turtles in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and the climatic phenomenon of El Niño.

VIMS researchers issue mitten crab alert (July 2007)
Invasive species researchers at VIMS join with colleagues in asking the public to be on the alert for mitten crabs in bays and estuaries of the Atlantic coast.

Mid-ocean eddies fuel plankton blooms (May 2007)
A team including researchers from VIMS reports that episodic, swirling current systems known as eddies act to pump nutrients up from the deep ocean to fuel blooms of algae in otherwise barren mid-ocean regions

New study identifies a critical link in the ocean's ability to store carbon dioxide (April 2007)
A study sheds new light on the ocean's "twilight zone"—the dim layer from 300 to 3,000 feet deep where little-known processes affect the ocean's ability to absorb and store carbon dioxide accumulating in our atmosphere.

Accelerating loss of ocean species threatens human well-being (Nov 2006)
An international group of ecologists and economists including VIMS researcher Dr. Emmett Duffy show that loss of biodiversity is profoundly reducing the ocean's ability to produce seafood, resist diseases, filter pollutants, and rebound from stresses such as over fishing and climate change.

VIMS contributes to Science article on ocean fertilization (April 2004)
Dr. James Bauer and grad student Sasha Tozzi present evidence that silica plays an unexpected role in the ocean's response to iron enrichment. Sprinkling iron into the ocean is touted as one way to help curb global warming—by boosting the rate at which marine plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

VIMS researchers win 5-year, $1.7 million NSF award
NSF grant funds study of the role that plankton play in the consumption and production of dissolved organic matter in the ocean. The fate of dissolved organic carbon is particularly important to the issue of global climate change.

Crest Articles

Scientists discover new life in Antarctic deep
A study in Nature by an international research team including VIMS Professor Robert Diaz reports the discovery of hundreds of new marine species in the deep-sea surrounding Antarctica, providing new insights into the evolution of ocean life.

Bronk lab studies red tides
Assoc. Professor Deborah Bronk receives a $500,000 grant from NOAA to study the role that nitrogen plays in generating red tides along Florida’s Gulf Coast.

Researchers Chu the fat
Drs. Fu Lin Chu and Kam Tang are conducting a pioneering study of “trophic upgrading, the process by which certain single-celled organisms transform the poor quality algae they eat into the essential fatty acids and sterols that their predators require.

Food-Web study aids management of biodiversity
A new paper by  graduate student Kristin France and advisor Dr. Emmett Duffy adds a surprising wrinkle to biodiversity research by suggesting that increasing the connectivity among the patches of a fragmented habitat—the goal of many of ecosystem restoration efforts—may in some cases be counterproductive.

Mann urges Congress to enact ballast-water standard
Dr. Roger Mann testifies before the U.S House of Representatives concerning newly proposed international standards for managing invasive species in the ballast water of sea-going vessels.

Study highlights link between biodiversity and ecosystem function
A  food-web study at VIMS shows that reduced biodiversity may affect ecosystems in a much more complicated way than suggested by early experiments with plants only.

Seamount census reveals new and poorly known marine life

Researchers see Bay in a grain of sand

Steinberg conducts zooplankton census

VIMS researchers use sonar to study impact of pound nets on sea turtles
Preliminary work with a sonar system that allows VIMS researchers to peer beneath the murky waters of Chesapeake Bay suggests that entanglement of sea turtles in poundnet
“leaders” may occur less often than commonly thought.

Scientists take a new look at sources of nitrogen in estuaries

Advisory Service Reports

  1. Virginia. Dept. of Health, Virginia. Dept. of Environmental Quality, and Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 2004. Harmful algal blooms and other organisms of concern in coastal waters. Virginia Department of Health, [Richmond, Va.].
  2. Haas, L. W., and K. L. Webb. 1998. Resource limitation of phytoplankton in the Virginia Chesapeake Bay and tributaries using nutrient-addition bioassays. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA.
  3. Sin, Y., R. L. Wetzel, and College of William and Mary. School of Marine Science. 1996. Patterns of phytoplankton abundance and nutrient concentration in the York River Estuary, Virginia: 1984-1994. College of William and Mary, School of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA.
  4. Musick, J. A., S. A. Bellmund, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, and United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Northeast Region. 1987. Final contract report on the ecology of sea turtles in Virginia. The Institute, Gloucester Point, VA.
  5. Jacobs, F., and G. C. Grant. 1978. Guidelines for zooplankton sampling in quantitative baseline and monitoring programs. for sale by the National Information Service, Corvallis, Or. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory ; Springfield, Va.
  6. Feeley, J. B., and M. L. Wass. 1971. The distribution and ecology of the Gammaridea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) of the lower Chesapeake estuaries. Virginia Institute of Marine Science,
  7. School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary., Gloucester Point, VA.

Labs, Centers, and Groups

Special Reports in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering (SRAMSOE)

  1. Kator HI, MW Rhodes, and Virginia Council on the Environment. 1988. Evaluation of Alternate Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution in a Non-Point Source Impacted Shellfish Growing Area : A Final Report Submitted to the Council on the Environment. Report 297.
  2. Wetzel RL, RF Van Tine, RJ Orth, J Van Montfrans, and CBP United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1981. Structural and Functional Aspects of the Ecology of Submerged Aquatic Macrophyte Communities in the Lower Chesapeake Bay : Final Report. Report 267.
  3. Grant GC, and JE Olney. 1979. Middle Atlantic Bight Zooplankton : Second Year Results and a Discussion of the Two-Year Blm-Vims Survey. Report 192. 236 pp.
  4. Grant GC. 1977. Middle Atlantic Bight Zooplankton : Seasonal Bongo and Neuston Collections Along a Transect Off Southern New Jersey. Report 173. 138 pp.
  5. Wetzel RL, WM Rizzo, GM Dawes, and RW Middleton. 1976. Dredged Material Disposal in Coastal Wetland Environments : A Review of the General Ecology and Environmental Impacts of Disposal on Wetland Ecosystems with Recommendations for Assessment Procedures. Report 123

Journal Articles

  1. Brandt, A., and coauthors. 2007. First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Nature 447(7142):307-311.
  2. Bronk, D. A., J. H. See, P. Bradley, and L. Killberg. 2007. DON as a source of bioavailable nitrogen for phytoplankton. Biogeosciences 4(3):283-296.
  3. Canuel, E. A., A. C. Spivak, E. J. Waterson, and J. E. Duffy. 2007. Biodiversity and food web structure influence short-term accumulation of sediment organic matter in an experimental seagrass system. Limnology and Oceanography 52(2):590-602.
  4. Delizo, L., W. O. Smith, and J. Hall. 2007. Taxonomic composition and growth rates of phytoplankton assemblages at the Subtropical Convergence east of New Zealand. Journal of Plankton Research 29(8):655-670.
  5. Duffy, J. E., and coauthors. 2007. The functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems: incorporating trophic complexity. Ecology Letters 10(6):522-538.
  6. Elliott, D. T., and R. S. Kaufmann. 2007. Spatial and temporal variability of mesozooplankton and tintinnid ciliates in a seasonally hypersaline estuary. Estuaries and Coasts 30(3):418-430.
  7. Friedrichs, M. A. M., and coauthors. 2007. Assessment of skill and portability in regional marine biogeochemical models: Role of multiple planktonic groups. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 112(C8):@C08001.
  8. Gillett, D. J., A. F. Holland, and D. A. Sanger. 2007. On the ecology of oligochaetes: Monthly variation of community composition and environmental characteristics in two south Carolina tidal creeks. Estuaries and Coasts 30(2):238-252.
  9. Hoch, M. P., and D. A. Bronk. 2007. Bacterioplankton nutrient metabolism in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific.  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 349(2):390-404.
  10. Jiang, S. N., T. D. Dickey, D. K. Steinberg, and L. P. Madin. 2007. Temporal variability of zooplankton biomass from ADCP backscatter time series data at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers 54(4):608-636.
  11. John, D. E., and coauthors. 2007. Phytoplankton carbon fixation gene (RuBisCO) transcripts and air-sea CO2 flux in the Mississippi River plume. ISME Journal 1(6):517-531.
  12. Long, Z. T., J. F. Bruno, and J. E. Duffy. 2007. Biodiversity mediates productivity through different mechanisms at adjacent trophic levels. Ecology 88(11):2821-2829.
  13. McGillicuddy, D. J., and coauthors. 2007. Eddy/wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms. Science 316(5827):1021-1026.
  14. Nejstgaard, J. C., and coauthors. 2007. Zooplankton grazing on Phaeocystis: a quantitative review and future challenges. Biogeochemistry 83(1-3):147-172.
  15. Oliver, J. L., W. O. Smith, H. W. Ducklow, and R. T. Barber. 2007. Rejoinder to: "Interpreting the results of oceanic mesoscale enrichment experiments: Caveats and lessons from limnology and coastal ecology". Limnology and Oceanography 52(2):919-920.
  16. Peloquin, J. A., and W. O. Smith. 2007. Phytoplankton blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Interannual variability in magnitude, temporal patterns, and composition. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 112(C8):-.
  17. Pomeroy, L. R., C. F. D'Elia, and L. C. Schaffner. 2007. Top-down control of phytoplankton by oysters in Chesapeake Bay, USA: Reply to Newell et al. (2007). Marine Ecology-Progress Series 341:299-301.
  18. Pourmand, A., F. Marcantonio, T. S. Bianchi, E. A. Canuel, and E. J. Waterson. 2007. A 28-Ka history of sea surface temperature, primary productivity and planktonic community variability in the western Arabian Sea. Paleoceanography 22(4):-.
  19. Worm, B., and coauthors. 2007. Biodiversity loss in the ocean: How bad is it? Response. Science 316(5829):1282-1284.
  20. Worm, B., and coauthors. 2007. Response to comments on "Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services". Science 316(5829):1285d.
  21. Audemard, C., L. M. R. Calvo, K. T. Paynter, K. S. Reece, and E. M. Burreson. 2006. Real-time PCR investigation of parasite ecology: in situ determination of oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus transmission dynamics in lower Chesapeake Bay. Parasitology 132:827-842.
  22. Cardinale, B. J., and coauthors. 2006. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature 443(7114):989-992.
  23. Church, M. J., H. W. Ducklow, R. M. Letelier, and D. M. Karl. 2006. Temporal and vertical dynamics in picoplankton photoheterotrophic production in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 45(1):41-53.
  24. Daniels, R. M., T. L. Richardson, and H. W. Ducklow. 2006. Food web structure and biogeochemical processes during oceanic phytoplankton blooms: An inverse model analysis. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 53(5-7):532-554.
  25. Duffy, J. E. 2006. Biodiversity and the functioning of seagrass ecosystems. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 311:233-250.
  26. Duffy, J. E., and J. J. Stachowicz. 2006. Why biodiversity is important to oceanography: potential roles of genetic, species, and trophic diversity in pelagic ecosystem processes. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 311:179-189.
  27. Grossart, H. P., and coauthors. 2006. Interactions between marine snow and heterotrophic bacteria: aggregate formation and microbial dynamics. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 42(1):19-26.
  28. Johnson, P. T. J., and coauthors. 2006. Chytrid infections of Daphnia pulicaria: development, ecology, pathology and phylogeny of Polycaryum laeve. Freshwater Biology 51(4):634-648.
  29. Macdonald, K. S., R. Rios, and J. E. Duffy. 2006. Biodiversity, host specificity, and dominance by eusocial species among sponge-dwelling alpheid shrimp on the Belize Barrier Reef. Diversity and Distributions 12(2):165-178.
  30. Macdonald, K. S., R. Rios, and J. E. Duffy. 2006. BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH: Biodiversity, host specificity, and dominance by eusocial species among sponge-dwelling alpheid shrimp on the Belize Barrier Reef. Diversity and Distributions 12(2):165-178.
  31. McCallister, S. L., J. E. Bauer, and E. A. Canuel. 2006. Bioreactivity of estuarine dissolved organic matter: A combined geochemical and microbiological approach. Limnology and Oceanography 51(1):94-100.
  32. Nejstgaard, J. C., and coauthors. 2006. Plankton development and trophic transfer in seawater enclosures with nutrients and Phaeocystis pouchetii added. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 321:99-121.
  33. Peloquin, J. A., and W. O. Smith. 2006. The role of phytoplankton size on photochemical recovery during the southern ocean iron experiment. Journal of Phycology 42(5):1016-1027.
  34. Pomeroy, L. R., C. F. D'Elia, and L. C. Schaffner. 2006. Limits to top-down control of phytoplankton by oysters in Chesapeake Bay. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 325:301-309.
  35. Richardson, T. L., G. A. Jackson, H. W. Ducklow, and M. R. Roman. 2006. Spatial and seasonal patterns of carbon cycling through planktonic food webs of the Arabian Sea determined by inverse analysis. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 53(5-7):555-575.
  36. See, J. H., D. A. Bronk, and A. J. Lewitus. 2006. Uptake of Spartina-derived humic nitrogen by estuarine phytoplankton in nonaxenic and axenic culture. Limnology and Oceanography 51(5):2290-2299.
  37. Sin, Y., R. L. Wetzel, B. G. Lee, and Y. H. Kang. 2006. Integrative ecosystem analyses of phytoplankton dynamics in the York River estuary (USA). Hydrobiologia 571:93-108.
  38. Tang, K. W., C. S. Freund, and C. L. Schweitzer. 2006. Occurrence of copepod carcasses in the lower Chesapeake Bay and their decomposition by ambient microbes. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 68(3-4):499-508.
  39. Tang, K. W., K. M. L. Hutalle, and H. P. Grossart. 2006. Microbial abundance, composition and enzymatic activity during decomposition of copepod carcasses. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 45(3):219-227.
  40. Worm, B., and coauthors. 2006. Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314(5800):787-790.
  41. Bugna, G. C., J. P. Chanton, T. B. Stauffer, W. G. MacIntyre, and E. L. Libelo. 2005. Partitioning microbial respiration between jet fuel and native organic matter in an organic-rich long time-contaminated aquifer. Chemosphere 60(2):177-187.
  42. Seitz, R. D. 2005. Introduction to the proceedings of the 2003 Blue Crab Symposium: Genetics, ecology, and conservation of the blue crab.  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 319(1-2):1-2.
  43. Tang, K. W. 2005. Copepods as microbial hotspots in the ocean: effects of host feeding activities on attached bacteria. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 38(1):31-40.
  44. Cherrier, J., and J. E. Bauer. 2004. Bacterial utilization of transient plankton-derived dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen inputs in surface ocean waters. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 35(3):229-241.
  45. Ditty, J. G., R. F. Shaw, and J. S. Cope. 2004. Distribution of carangid larvae (Teleostei : Carangidae) and concentrations of zooplankton in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with illustrations of early Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus and Caranx spp. larvae. Marine Biology 145(5):1001-1014.
  46. Nelson, N. B., C. A. Carlson, and D. K. Steinberg. 2004. Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter by Sargasso Sea microbes. Marine Chemistry 89(1-4):273-287.
  47. Smith, W. O., and C. Lancelot. 2004. Bottom-up versus top-down control in phytoplankton of the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Science 16(4):531-539.
  48. Steinberg, D. K., N. B. Nelson, C. A. Carlson, and A. C. Prusak. 2004. Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the open ocean by zooplankton and the colonial cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 267:45-56.
  49. Wawrik, B., J. H. Paul, D. A. Bronk, D. John, and M. Gray. 2004. High rates of ammonium recycling drive phytoplankton productivity in the offshore Mississippi River plume. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 35(2):175-184.
  50. Anderson, I. C., K. J. McGlathery, and A. C. Tyler. 2003. Microbial mediation of 'reactive' nitrogen transformations in a temperate lagoon. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 246:73-84.
  51. Church, M. J., and coauthors. 2003. Abundance and distribution of planktonic Archaea and Bacteria in the waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula. Limnology and Oceanography 48(5):1893-1902.
  52. DiTullio, G. R., and coauthors. 2003. Phytoplankton assemblage structure and primary productivity along 170 degrees W in the South Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 255:55-80.
  53. Duffy, J. E. 2003. Biodiversity loss, trophic skew and ecosystem functioning. Ecology Letters 6(8):680-687.
  54. Hansell, D. A., and H. W. Ducklow. 2003. Bacterioplankton distribution and production in the bathypelagic ocean: Directly coupled to particulate organic carbon export? Limnology and Oceanography 48(1):150-156.
  55. Lipcius, R. N. 2003. Summary of session: Ecology of early benthic juveniles. Bulletin of Marine Science 72(2):367-369.
  56. Padma, T. V., R. M. Dickhut, and H. Ducklow. 2003. Variations in alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane enantiomer ratios in relation to microbial activity in a temperate estuary. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22(7):1421-1427.
  57. Schultz, G. E., E. D. White, and H. W. Ducklow. 2003. Bacterioplankton dynamics in the York River estuary: primary influence of temperature and freshwater inputs. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 30(2):135-148.
  58. Shanks, A. L., J. Largier, and J. Brubaker. 2003. Observations on the distribution of meroplankton during an upwelling event. Journal of Plankton Research 25(6):645-667.
  59. Tang, K. W., and R. Simo. 2003. Trophic uptake and transfer of DMSP in simple planktonic food chains. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 31(2):193-202.
  60. Worm, B., and J. E. Duffy. 2003. Biodiversity, productivity and stability in real food webs. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18(12):628-632.
  61. Cochlan, W. P., D. A. Bronk, and K. H. Coale. 2002. Trace metals and nitrogenous nutrition of Antarctic phytoplankton: experimental observations in the Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 49(16):3365-3390.
  62. Duffy, J. E. 2002. Biodiversity and ecosystem function: the consumer connection. Oikos 99(2):201-219.
  63. Roman, M. R., and coauthors. 2002. Estimates of oceanic mesozooplankton production: a comparison using the Bermuda and Hawaii time-series data. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 49(1-3):175-192.
  64. Schnetzer, A., and D. K. Steinberg. 2002. Active transport of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen by vertically migrating zooplankton in the Sargasso Sea. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 234:71-84.
  65. Shanks, A. L., J. Largier, L. Brink, J. Brubaker, and R. Hooff. 2002. Observations on the distribution of meroplankton during a downwelling event and associated intrusion of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine plume. Journal of Plankton Research 24(4):391-416.
  66. Sheridan, C. C., D. K. Steinberg, and G. W. Kling. 2002. The microbial and metazoan community associated with colonies of Trichodesmium spp,.: a quantitative survey. Journal of Plankton Research 24(9):913-922.
  67. Sin, Y., and R. L. Wetzel. 2002. Ecosystem modeling analysis of size-structured phytoplankton dynamics in the York River estuary, Virginia (USA). I. Development of a plankton ecosystem model with explicit feedback controls and hydrodynamics. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 228:75-90.
  68. Sin, Y., and R. L. Wetzel. 2002. Ecosystem modeling analysis of size-structured phytoplankton dynamics in the York River estuary, Virginia (USA). II. Use of a plankton ecosystem model for investigating controlling factors on phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 228:91-101.
  69. Steinberg, D. K., S. A. Goldthwait, and D. A. Hansell. 2002. Zooplankton vertical migration and the active transport of dissolved organic and inorganic nitrogen in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers 49(8):1445-1461.
  70. van Hilst, C. M., and W. O. Smith. 2002. Photo synthesis/irradiance relationships in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, and their control by phytoplankton assemblage composition and environmental factors. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 226:1-12.
  71. Anderson, T. R., and H. W. Ducklow. 2001. Microbial loop carbon cycling in ocean environments studied using a simple steady-state model. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 26(1):37-49.
  72. Becquevort, S., and W. O. Smith. 2001. Aggregation, sedimentation and biodegradability of phytoplankton-derived material during spring in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 48(19-20):4155-4178.
  73. Dennett, M. R., S. Mathot, D. A. Caron, W. O. Smith, and D. J. Lonsdale. 2001. Abundance and distribution of phototrophic and heterotrophic nano- and microplankton in the southern Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 48(19-20):4019-4037.
  74. Ducklow, H., and coauthors. 2001. The seasonal development of the bacterioplankton bloom in the Ross Sea, Antarctica 1994-1997. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 48(19-20):4199-4221.
  75. Ducklow, H. W., and coauthors. 2001. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Arabian Sea: Basinwide response to year-round high primary productivity. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 48(6-7):1303-1323.
  76. Harding, J. M. 2001. Temporal variation and patchiness of zooplankton around a restored oyster reef. Estuaries 24(3):453-466.
  77. Oguz, T., P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, and H. W. Ducklow. 2001. Simulations of phytoplankton seasonal cycle with multi-level and multi-layer physical-eco system models: the Black Sea example. Ecological Modelling 144(2-3):295-314.
  78. Sanford, A., J. Morgan, D. Evans, and H. Ducklow. 2001. Bacterioplankton dynamics in estuarine mesocosms: Effects of tank shape and size. Microbial Ecology 41(1):45-55.
  79. Smith, W. O., and V. L. Asper. 2001. The influence of phytoplankton assemblage composition on biogeochemical characteristics and cycles in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers 48(1):137-161.
  80. Ducklow, H. W. 2000. Bacterioplankton distributions and production in the northwestern Indian Ocean and Gulf of Oman, September, 1986 (vol 40, pg 753, 1993). Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers 47(5):971-971.
  81. Fitzwater, S. E., K. S. Johnson, R. M. Gordon, K. H. Coale, and W. O. Smith. 2000. Trace metal concentrations in the Ross Sea and their relationship with nutrients and phytoplankton growth. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 47(15-16):3159-3179.
  82. Garrison, D. L., and coauthors. 2000. Microbial food web structure in the Arabian Sea: a US JGOFS study. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 47(7-8):1387-1422.
  83. Schultz, G. E., and H. Ducklow. 2000. Changes in bacterioplankton metabolic capabilities along a salinity gradient in the York River estuary, Virginia, USA. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 22(2):163-174.
  84. Sin, Y., R. L. Wetzel, and I. C. Anderson. 2000. Seasonal variations of size-fractionated phytoplankton along the salinity gradient in the York River estuary, Virginia (USA). Journal of Plankton Research 22(10):1945-1960.
  85. Smith, W. O., J. Marra, M. R. Hiscock, and R. T. Barber. 2000. The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 47(15-16):3119-3140.

Theses & Dissertations

  1. Shields, A. R. 2007. Biogeochemistry and phytoplankton dynamics in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Ph.D. Dissertation. The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt. VA.
  2. Saba, V. S. 2007. Bottom-up and climatic forcing on the nesting and foraging ecology of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). Ph.D. Dissertation. The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt. VA.
  3. Picariello, A. 2006. The effects of climate change on the population ecology of the Atlantic surf clam, Spisula solidissima, in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Master's Thesis. College of William and Mary. School of Marine Science.
  4. Ha, D. S. 2006. Ecology and conservation of Virginia shark species: Analysis of thirty years of Virginia long-line shark census data, 1974--2004. Ph.D. Dissertation. The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt. VA.
  5. Peloquin, J. A. 2005. Regulation and impact of the phytoplankton assemblage composition in the Southern Ocean. Ph.D. Dissertation. The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt. VA.
  6. See, J. H. 2003. Availability of humic nitrogen to phytoplankton. Ph.D. Dissertation. The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt. VA.
  7. Church, M. J. 2003. Microbial dynamics and biogeochemistry in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Ph.D. Dissertation. The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt. VA.

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