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Home » People » Fu-Lin E. Chu
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Fu-Lin E. Chu

Emeritus Professor of Marine Science
Email: [[chu]]
Phone: (804) 684-7349
Office: Chesapeake Bay Hall S109
Department: Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health

Dr. Chu is no longer accepting new students into her programs.

Education
  • B.S., The Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • M.S., University of Rochester
  • Ph.D., College of William and Mary

Research Interests

My research focuses on nutrition and host/parasite interactions in shellfish and fish. I am especially interested in the effects of environmental factors including pollution on host/parasite interactions, and immunological, biochemical and pathological responses associated with exposure to diseases and anthropogenic chemicals. In the nutrition aspect, I am especially interested in essential nutrient “upgrading” and transfer, trophic interactions and food webs and biochemical processes affecting fishery production in marine coastal environments. I am also interested in conducting research to understand the effects of essential nutrients and growth factors in enhancing shellfish/fish growth and survival, and the effects of environmental stress on development and reproduction of aquatic organisms.


Current Projects
Evaluation of toxicity of Deep Water Horizon Oil spill and dispersants on  the physiological and ecological responses of the commercially and ecologically important eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Stratus Consulting Inc).

 



Recent Projects

NUTRITION


OYSTER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASES


Selected Publications
  • Do-Hyung Kang, Fu-Lin E. Chu, Hyun-Sung Yang, Chang-Ho Lee, Hyeong-Beom Koh and Kwang-Sik Choi (2010). Growth, reproductive condition, and digestive tubule atrophy of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas in Gamakman Bay off the southern coast of Korea. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 29, No. 4, 839–845, 2010.

 

  • S.E. Wilson, D.K. Steinberg, Fu-Lin E. Chu, J.K.B. Bishop. (2010). Feeding ecology of mesopelagic zooplankton of the subtropical and subarctic North Pacific Ocean determined with fatty acid biomarkers. Deep-Sea Research I, 57 (2010) 1278–1294.

 

  • Fu-Lin E. Chu, Eric D. Lund, Paul R. Littreal, Kate E. Ruck, Ellen Harvey. (2009). Species-specific differences in long-chain n-3 essential fatty acid, sterol, and steroidal ketone production in six heterotrophic protist species.  Aquatic Biology, 6: 159-172.

 

  • Eric D. Lund, Fu-Lin E. Chu, Paul R. Littreal, Kate E. Ruck, Ellen Harvey. (2009). An investigation of the mechanism(s) of sterol synthesis and dietary sterol conversion in the heterotrophic protists Oxyrrhis marina and Gyrodinium dominans. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 374: 150-159.

 

  • Fu-Lin E. Chu, Eric D. Lund, Paul R. Littreal, Kate E. Ruck, Ellen Harvey, Jean-René Le Coz, Yanic Marty, Jeanne Moal and Philippe Soudant. (2008). Sterol production and phytosterol bioconversion in two species of heterotrophic protists, Oxyrrhis marina and Gyrodinium dominans. Marine Biology, 156:155-169. 

 

  • Chu, Fu-Lin E.  Eric D. Lund, and Jennifer A. Podbesek (2008). Effects of triclosan on the oyster parasite, Perkinsus marinus and its host, the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Journal of Shellfish Research, 27:769-774.

 

  • Eric D. Lund, Fu-Lin E. Chu, Ellen Harvey and Richard Adlof (2008). Mechanism(s) of  “essential nutrient upgrading” in two species of heterotrophic protists: Oxyrrhis marina and Gyrodinium dominans. Marine Bilogy, 155:23-36.

 

  • Chu Fu-Lin . E., E. D. Lund, and J. A. Podbesek.  (2008). Quantitative significance of n-3 essential fatty acid contribution by heterotrophic protists in marine pelagic food webs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 354:85-95.

 

  • Soudant P. R. Leite, F-L. E. Chu, A. Villalba and L. Cancela. (2008).  Bivalves – Perkinsus spp. Interactions. In: Proceeding of the workshop for the analysis of the impact of Perkinsosis to the European shellfish industry. Pp: 78-109. Publication, Foundacion CETMAR, Vigo, Spain 2008.

 

  • Encomio V. G. and F-L. E. Chu (2007). Heat shock protein (Hsp70) expression and thermal tolerance in sublethal heat shocked eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) infected with the parasite Perkinsus marinus. Diseases in Aquatic Organisms, 76 : 252-260.

 

  • Delaporte, M., F-L. E. Chu,  C. Langdon , J. Moal , C. Lambert, J-F. Samain and P. Soudant. (2007) Changes in biochemical and hemocyte parameters of the Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas fed T-Iso supplemented with lipid emulsions rich in eicosapentaenoic fatty acid. Journal of Experimental Biology and Ecology, 343: 261-275.

 

  • Lund, E. D., F-L. E. Chu, P. Soudant and E. Harvey. (2007). Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan parasite of the eastern oyster, has a requirement for dietary sterols. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 146:141-147.

 

  • Chu, F-L. E., and E. D. Lund. (2006). Viability, infectivity and fatty acid synthetic activity of Perkinsus marinus meront cells incubated in estuarine and artificial seawaters. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. Dis Aquat Org., 71(2): 131-9.

 

  •  Veloza, A. J., F-L. E. Chu and K.W. Tang. (2006). Trophic modification of essential fatty acids by heterotrophic protists and its effects on the fatty acid composition of the copepod Acartia tonsa. Marine Biology, 148: 779 – 788.

 

  • Veloza , A. J., F-L. E. Chu and K.W. Tang. (2005) (online publication). Trophic modification of essential fatty acids by heterotrophic protists and its effects on the fatty acid composition of the copepod Acartia tonsa. Marine Biology (DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-0123-1).

 

  • Soudant, P. F-L. E. Chu, and Eric D. Lund. (2005). Assessment of the cell viability of cultured perkinsus marinus (perkinsea), a parasitic protozoan of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, using sybrgreen-propidium iodide double staining and flow cytometry. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 52:492-499/

 

  • Lund E D., P. Soudant, F-L. E. Chu, E. Harvey, S. Bolton and A.  Flowers. (2005). Effects of the drug triclosan on growth, viability and fatty acid synthesis in the oyster protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 67:217-224.

 

  • Encomio, V. G. and F-L. E. Chu. (2005). Seasonal variation of heat shock protein (hsp70) in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) infected with Perkinsus marinus (Dermo). Journal of Shellfish Research, 24:167-175.

 

  • Encomio V.G., S.M. Stickler, S.K. Allen, Jr., and F-L. E. Chu. (2005). Performance of “natural Dermo-resistant” oyster stocks: Survival, disease, growth, condition and energy reserves. Journal of Shellfish Research, 24: 143-155.

 

  • Xue, Q-G., K. L. Schey, A. K. Volety, F-L. E. Chu, J. F. La Peyre. (2004). Purification and characterization of lysozyme from plasma of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Com. Biochem. Physiol. Part B. 139:11-25

 

  • Lund, E., F- L. E. Chu, and E. Harvey. (2004). Effects of temperature and salinity on fatty acid synthesis in the oyster protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus. Journal of Experimental Biology and Ecology.

 

  • Chu, F- L. E., E. Lund, and E. Harvey. (2004). Arachidonic Acid Synthetic Pathways of the Oyster Protozoan Parasite, Perkinsus marinus: evidence for usage of a delta-8 pathway Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 133:45-51.

 

  • Chu, F- L. E., P. Soudant  and E. Lund. (2003).  Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan parasite of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica): Effects of temperature on the uptake and metabolism of fluorescent lipid analogs and lipase activities. Experimental Parasitology, 105:121-130. 

 

  • Cruz-Rodríguez, L A. and F-L. E. Chu. (2003). Hsp70 levels in oyster Crassostrea virginica exposed to cadmium sorbed to algal food and suspended clay particles. Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, June 2002 (peer review) (edit: Villalba, Reguera, Romalde and Beiras). Pp555-568.

 

  • Chu, F-L. E., P. Soudant and R. C. Hale. (2003). Relationship between PCB accumulation and reproductive output in conditioned oysters Crassostrea virginica fed a contaminated algal diet. Aquatic Toxicology, 65:293-307.

 

  • Cruz-Rodríguez, L A. and F-L. E. Chu. (2002). Heat-shock protein (HSP70) Response in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Exposed to PAHs Sorbed to Suspended Artificial Clay Particles and to Suspended Field Contaminated Sediments. Aquatic Toxicology. 60: 157-168.  

 

  • Lund, E. and F-L. E. Chu. (2002). Phospholipid biosynthesis in the oyster protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 121: 245-253. 

 

  • Chu, F- L. E., E. Lund, P. Soudant, and E. Harvey. (2002). De novo arachidonic  acid synthesis utilizing acetate in in vitro cultured Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan parasite of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 11: 179-190.

 

  • Chu, F-L. E., A. K. Volety, R. C. Hale, and Y. Huang. (2002). Hemocyte function and disease expression in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‑ contaminated sediments. Marine Environmental Research, 53:17-35.

 

  • Soudant, P., and F-L. E. Chu. (2001). Lipid class and fatty acid composition of the protozoan parasite of oysters, Perkinsus marinus, cultivated in two different media. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 48:309-319.

 

  • Soudant, P. F-L E. Chu, and Y. Marty. (2000). Analysis of lipid class composition of the oyster protozzoan parastie, Perkinsus marinus and metabolites derived from the metabolism of fluorescent phosphatidylcholine analog. Lipids, 35:1387-1395.

 

  • Chu, F-L. E. P. Soudant, A. K. Volety, Y. Huang. (2000). Uptake and interconversion of fluorescent lipid analogs in the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Experimental Parasitology. 95:240-251.

 

  • Chu, F-L. E. (2000). Defense mechanisms of marine bivalves. In: Recent Advances in Marine  Biotechnology. Volume 5, Immunobiology and Pathology. M. Fingerman & R. Nagabhushanam (edits). Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield (NH), USA, Plymouth, UK. pp 1-42.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E., P. Soudant, L. A. Cruz-Rodriguez, and R. Hale. (2000). PCB uptake and accumulation by oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed via a contaminated algal diet. Mar. Environ. Res.  50: 217-221.

 

  • Encomio, V., and F-L. E. Chu. (2000). The effect of PCBs on glycogen reserves in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Mar. Environ. Res. 50:45-49.

 

  • Cruz-Rodrigaez, L., A. J. Baucum, P. Soudant, F-L. E. Chu, R. C. Hale. (2000). Stress protein response (Hsp 70 family) in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, exposed to PCBs sorbed to algal paste. Mar. Environ. Res. 50:341-345.

 

  • Chu, F-L. E.,and Ozkizilcik, S. (1999). Acceptability of complex microencapsulated diets by striped bass (Morone saxatilis) larvae. J. Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology, 237:1-9.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. (1999). Effects of field-contaminated sediments and related water soluble components on hemocyte function and Perkinsus marinus susceptibility and expression in oysters. Biomarkers, 4:537-548.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. (1999). Environmental factors and the infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. 19: 265-268

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. (1997). Trends in research on Crassostrea virginica and its two protozoan parasites, Perkinsus marinus and Haplosporidiun nelsoni. Bulletin of The European Association of Fish Pathologists, 17: 184-187.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and  A.K. Volety. (1997). Disease processes of the parasite Perkinsus marinus in eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica: minimum dose for infection initiation, and interaction of temperature, salinity and infective cell dose. Dis. Aquat. Org. 28:61-68.

 

  • Volety, A. K. and F.-L. E. Chu. (1997). Acid phosphatase activity in Perkinsus marinus, the protistan parasite of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J. Parasitol., 83:1093-1098.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E., A. K. Volety and G. Constantin.  (1996). A comparison of Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea virginica: Effects of temperature and salinity  on susceptibility to the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus.  J. Shellfish Res.  15: 375-380.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E.  (1996). Laboratory investigation of infectivity and transmission of Perkinsus marinus in oysters.  J. Shellfish Res. 15: 57-66.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E., E.M. Burreson, F. Zhang and K. K. Chew.  (1996).  An unidentified haplosporidian parasite of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, cultured in the Shandong and Liaoning provinces.  Dis. Aquat. Org., 25: 155-158.

 

  • Ozkizilcik, S. and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1996).  Preparation and characterization of a complex microencapsulated diet for striped bass, Morone saxatilis larvae.  Journal of Microencapsulation, 13: 331-343.

 

  • Ozkizilcik, S., F.-L. E. Chu and A.R. Place.  (1996). Ontogenetic changes of lipolytic enzymes in striped bass, (Morone saxatilis).  Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 113B: 631-637.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. And S. Ozkizilcik.  (1995). Lipid and fatty acid composition of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) larvae during development.  Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 111B:665-674.

 

  • La Peyre, J.F., F.-L. E. Chu and W. K. Vogelbein.  (1995).  In vitro interaction of Perkinsus marinus merozoites with eastern and pacific oyster hemocytes.  Dev. Com. Immunol. 19:291-304.

 

  • Volety, A. and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1995).  Suppression of chemiluminescence of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocytes by the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus.  Dev. Com. Immunol. 19:135-142.

 

  • La Peyre, J.F., F.-L. E. Chu and J.M. Meyers.  (1995).  Hemocytic and humoral activities of eastern and Pacific oysters following challenge by the protozoa Perkinsus marinus.  Fish & Shellfish Immunol. 5:179-190.

 

  • Tirard, C.T., R. M. Grossfeld, A. K. Volety, and F-L. E. Chu.  (1995).  Heat shock proteins of the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus.  Dis. Aquat. Org. 22:147-151.

 

  • Volety, A. and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1994).  Infectivity and pathogenicity of two life stages, meront and prezoosporangia of Perkinsus marinus in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica.  J. Shellfish Res. 13:521-527.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and R.C. Hale.  (1994). Relationship between pollution and susceptibility to infectious disease in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica.  Mar. Environ. Res. 38:243-256.

 

  • La Peyre, J. F. and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1994).  Simple procedure for the isolation of Perkinsus marinus merozoites, a pathogen of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica.  Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish. Pathol. 14:101-103.
  •  
  • Ozkizilcik, S. and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1994).  Evaluation of omega-3 fatty acid enrichment of Artemia nauplii used as food for striped bass (Morone saxatilis Walbaum) larvae.  J. World Aquaculture Society 25:147-154.

 

  • Ozkizilcik, S. and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1994). Uptake and metabolism of liposomes by Artemia Nauplii.  Aquaculture 128:131-141.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and J. La Peyre.  (1993). Perkinsus marinus susceptibility and defense-related activities in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Temperature effect.  Dis. Aquat. Org. 16:223-23.

 

  • Chu, F.-L.E., J. La Peyre and C. Burreson.  (1993). Perkinsus marinus infection and potential defense-related activities in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Salinity effect.  J. Invert. Pathol. 62:226-232.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and J. F. La Peyre.  (1993). Development of disease caused by the parasite, Perkinsus marinus and defense-related hemolymph factors in three populations of oysters from the Chesapeake Bay.  J. Shellfish. Res. 12:21-27.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and J. Greaves.  (1991). Metabolism of dietary fatty acids in oysters (Crassostrea virginica).  Marine Biology. 110:229-236.

 

  • Chu, F.-L E., K. L. Webb and J. Chen.  (1990).  Seasonal changes of lipids and fatty acids in oyster tissues (Crassostrea virginica).  Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 95A:385-391.

 

  • Fisher, W. S., A. Wishkovsky and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1990).  The effect of tributyltin on defense-related activities of oyster hemocytes.  Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18:826-831.

 

  • La Peyre, J. and F.-L.E. Chu.  (1990).  Blue crab hemocytes: a preliminary study.  In: Pathology in Marine Science.   F. Perkins and T. Cheng (eds.), Academic Press, Inc., pp. 533-538.

 

  • Bricelj, V. M., N.S. Fisher, J. B. Guckert, and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1989).  Lipid composition and nutritional value of the brown tide alga, Aureococcus anaphagetterens.  In: Coastal and Estuarine Studies 35:85-100.  E. Cosper, M. Bricelj and E. Carpenter (eds.).  Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong.  (peer-reviewed).

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and J. F. La Peyre.  (1989).  Effect of environmental factors and parasitism on hemolymph lysozyme and protein of American oysters (Crassostrea virginica).  J. of Invertebrate Pathology 54:224-232.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and K. Greene.  (1989).  Effect of temperature and salinity on in vitro culture of the oyster pathogen, Perkinsus marinus (Apicomplexa; Perkinsea).  J. of  Invert. Pathol. 53:260-268.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E.  (1988).  Humoral defense factors.  In: Disease Processes in Marine Molluscs, W. Fisher (ed.). American Fisheries Society Special Publication 18:178-188.  Washington, D.C. (peer-reviewed).

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E.  (1988).  Development and evaluation of techniques to study acquired immunity to Perkinsus marinus in the oyster, Crassostrea virginica.  J. Shellfish Res. 7:51-55.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E., K. L. Webb, D. A. Hepworth and B. B. Casey.  (1987).  Metamorphosis of larvae of Crassostrea virginica on artificial diet.  Aquaculture 64:185-197.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and B. B. Casey.  (1986).  A comparison of protein assays for oyster larval proteins using two different standards.  Marine Chemistry 19:1-7.

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and K. L. Webb.  (1984).  Polyunsaturated fatty acids and neutral lipids in developing larvae of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica.  Lipids 19:815-820.

 

  •  Webb, K. L. and F.-L. E. Chu.  (1983).  Phytoplankton as a food source for bivalve larvae.  In: Biochemical and Physiological Approaches to Shellfish Nutrition.  G.D. Pruder, C.J. Langdon and D.E. Conklin (eds.). Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Aquaculture Nutrition.  Rehoboth Beach, DE, October 27-29, 1981.  (peer-reviewed).

 

  • Chu, F.-L.E., K.L. Webb, D. Hepworth and M. Roberts.  (1982). The acceptability and digestibility of microcapsules by larvae of Crassostrea virginica.  J. Shellfish Res. 2:29-34.

 

  • Chu, F.-L.E., J.L. Dupuy and K. Webb.  (1982). Polysaccharide composition of five algal species used as food for larvae of the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica).  Aquaculture 29:241-252.

 

  • Chu, F.-L.E. and J.L. Dupuy.  (1980). The fatty acid composition of three unicellular algal species used as food sources for larvae of the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica).  Lipids 15:356-364.

 

Published and Registered Patent

 

  • Chu, F.-L. E. and S. Ozkizilcik. (1998). Complex protein- walled microcapsules containing lipid-walled microcapsules. PATENT  (patent #: 5,776,490; date of patent: July 7, 1998).


Courses Taught
  • MS 570: Nutrition and Energy Reserves in Marine Organisms
  • MS 567: Comparative Immunology
  • MS 565: Principles of Pathology
  • MS 698: Special topic course: Biochemical Assays

Faculty Awards
  • VIMS Dean’s 2007 Woman in Marine Science Award (2008).

  • VIMS Outstanding Faculty Researcher Award (1997)


Current/ Past Professional Memberships
  • World Aquaculture Society 
  • National Shellfisheries Association 
  • American Society of Parasitiogists 
  • European Association of Fish Pathologists

Current/Past Collaborative / Interdisciplinary Efforts
  • Aswani Volety (Florida Gulf Coast University) and Philippe Soudant (Université   de Bretagne Occidentale, France): Evaluation of toxicity of Deep Water Horizon oil spill and dispersants on the reproductive processes of  the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica.

  • Kam M. Tang (VIMS): Planktonic biochemistry and nutrition of winter flounder juveniles.

  • Richard Adlof (USDA): lipid metabolism in the oyster protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus. Trophic upgrading by heterotrophic marine protists.

  • Philippe Soudant (Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France): Lipid biochemistry; Essential fatty acids and immune responses; flowcytometric technology. 

  • Yanic Marty (Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France): Lipid biochemistry. 

  • Christopher Langdon (Oregon State University): Essential fatty acids and immune responses. 

  • Jean-Fracois Samain (IFREMER, France): Essential fatty acids and immune responses. 

  • Albert Choi (Cheju University Korea): Reproductive physiology and diseases of marine bivalves.

  • Bassem Allam (Stony Brook University): The biochemistry of the clam parasite, QPX.


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