By Raymond B. Manning
Interest in the possibility of forming a scientific society for the many students of crustaceans began to develop in the late 1975. Then the only group providing an opportunity for crustacean biologists to get together to exchange ideas was the Crustacean Club. In 1977, several people, including Lawrence G. Abele, Florida State University, Darryl L. Felder, University of Southwestern Louisiana, and Robert H. Gore, Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port, brought up the subject of forming a society at the meeting ofthe Crustacean Club during the annual meeting of the American Society of Zoologists in New Orleans. At that time the idea was received with relatively little enthusiasm and no support.
In October 1978, the idea of developing a formal scientific society was discussed independently by several individuals, including Richard C. Brusca, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (now at the San Diego Natural History Museum), Paul A. Haefner, Jr., Rochester Institute of Technology, Robert H. Gore, Raymond B. Manning, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Las Watling, University of Maine, and Elizabeth L. Wenner, South Carolina Marine Resources Research Institute. They were among attendees at a joint USAIUSSR Conference on Cold-Water Crustaceans sponsored by the National Marine Fisheries Service at the Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina. Those attending the meeting were impressed by the possibilities for exchange of information provided by the Beaufort meeting and were also aware of the long delay in publishing in Crustaceana, the only journal then devoted exclusively to articles on crustaceans. This led to discussions on the possibility of initiating a formal society. It was suggested that Manning attend the meeting of the Crustacean Club in Richmond in December 1978, held during the annual meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, to propose the formation of a formal society.
On 9 November 1978 Watling wrote to Manning summarizing his ideas about the formation of a society. Watling's vision was so prophetic that most of his letter is reproduced here.
"I have looked about for a model both for a society and a journal which has proven itself successful and which most closely fits my ideas of what we need for carcinologists. Such a model is the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) and theirjournal Copeia. There are about 2,500 members in this society who pay annual dues of $16.00. At the 1977 ASIH Board of Governors meeting (Copeia 1977:804) it was stated that 877 pages were published in Copeia in 1976, consisting of 625 pages devoted to 158 papers, 161 pages of notes and various additional pages of reviews, etc. This is very nearly in line with the needs of the crustacean community. While we may not be able to come up with 2,500 members, we can probably generate 1,500 or so. Of all things to be considered, however, the number of pages in the journal is one of the most important. I don't think we will ease the publication-time burden for carcinologists if we adopt a journal size similar to, for example, Systematic Zoology which in 1977 published 26 papers, 18 notes, and several long reviews comprising a total of 466 pages. I doubt we will have any trouble obtaining 150 publishable papers on crustaceans each year.
"Some other considerations. It would be the purposeof this society to promote the dissemination of information regarding all aspects of research on fossil and Recent crustaceans, from taxonomy to physiology. Membership classes would basically be limited to student (discount) and regular, but could also include foreign, life, and honorary. The society would be governed by an executive board made up of the President, President-Elect, Secretary, Treasurer, 5 at-large members, and the Managing Editor of the journal. The society would convene an annual meeting for the purpose of presenting one or more theme symposia and several contributed paper sessions.
"With regard to the journal, whether or not it's associated with a society, I think we've got to operate on the assumption that it will attract a large number of papers covering a wide diversity of subject areas. As a result, besides a Managing Editor, there will be a need for an extensive Editorial Board, each member of which will be responsible for obtaining reviews, etc., for the papers in a specified subject area. The most convenient arrangement for the Editorial Board might be according to major taxa, morphology, larval development, etc. A further important consideration has to be the cost of the journal to the member/subscriber-preferably under $20, if at all possible. Obviously this can only happen if the society officers and journal editors volunteer their time."
By the time of the Richmond meeting,several individuals had heard about the idea of forming a society, and this was the topic of discussion at a breakfast meeting at the John Marshall Hotel attended by Abele, Gore, Manning, Frederick R. Schram, San Diego Natural History Museum, and Adrian M. Wenner, University of California, Santa Barbara. Manning arranged for time at the general Crustacean Club meeting in December 1978, and he and C. W. Hart, Jr., National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, introduced the idea of developing a formal society, with a journal, for those interested in the biology of Crustacea. The concept generated a broad general discussion, overridden with wide skepticism about the need for a formal society and especially the need for a journal ("We don't need ajournal!"). Linda Mantel, City College of New York, moved that an ad hoc committee be formed to study the question of forming a society, and Manning was asked to work with that committee to poll the Crustacean Club members on the formation of a formal society and to present the result ofthe poll at the next Crustacean Club meeting in Tampa. No action was taken to organize a society.
During 1979, Manning mailed questionnaires to about 150 individuals on the Crustacean Club mailing list. The response was overwhelmingly favorable. Of 115 responses, 113 indicated they would join the new society, whereas only two indicated they would not. Crustacean Club members eventually formed the nucleus of the new organization.
These results (see JCB 1(1): 148 for more information) were presented at the Crustacean Club meeting at Tampa in December, 1979, by Manning. Robert H. Gore outlined the possible structure of a society and journal. After considerable discussion among about 85 attendees, a motion by Manning that a formal society be organized was carried overwhelmingly.
An Organizing Council was selected for the Society at this meeting, and at its first meeting the Society was named. The Organizing Council operated from December 1979 through December 1981, one year after elected officers were formally installed. The overlap was designed to ease the transition from an informal to a formal organization. The Organizing Council comprised the following individuals: Darryl L.Felder, Robert H. Gore, Horton H. Hobbs III, Wittenberg University, Raymond B. Manning (Chair), Frederick R. Schram, Les Watling, Adrian M. Wenner, and Thomas G. Wolcott, North Carolina State University.
Members of the Organizing Council were responsible for various activities concerned with developing the Society. The most important assignment fell to Les Watling, who chaired a committee that selected an editor, Arthur G. Humes, Boston University Marine Program. Robert H. Gore worked with the constitution committee, and Manning worked on membership. Since 1980, The Crustacean Society has held its annual meeting in conjunction with the annual meeting of the American Society of Soologists on 26-30 December of each year. The Society has sponsored and co-sponsored symposia, arranged one or more contributed paper sessions on crustacean topics, sponsored special contributed paper sessions and workshops, and where possible, arranged for social gatherings during the ASZ meetings.
Chronology 1978
An informal exchange of ideas on the need for a crustacean society and journal among participants at the Joint USA/USSR Conference on Cold-Water Crustaceans at Beaufort in October led to a general discussion with Crustacean Club members on the need for a formal society and journal a the American Society of Zoologists' (ASZ) Richmond meeting in December.
1979
Crustacean Club members were polled on the formation of a society.
ASZ Tampa Meeting, December.-Results of the poll made during the year were presented at the Crustacean Club meeting; for more details see JCB 1(1): 148.
An Organizing Council was selected and the Council decided upon a name for the society and discussed strategies to organize the Society.
1980
A committee chaired by Les Wailing selected Arthur G. Humes as Editor, and determined the name of the society's journal, Journal of Crustacean Biology (JCB). Allen Press was chosen to publish the journal. On 11 January 1982 Arly Allen of Allen Press wrote the following to Humes about the JCB:
"I wanted to offer my congratulations on the extraordinarily well-organized way in which this journal has developed. Of all the new journals that we have developed over the years, the Journal of Crustacean Biology has been created, edited, and brought into being in the most efficient and well-organized fashion of any that we have seen."
An Editorial Board was appointed by Humes and the mode of operation of the editor was proposed by Humes and accepted by the Board.
The first membership and promotional drive was developed by David K. Camp, Florida Marine Research Institute, and Manning, based on a mailing list of 1,300 names compiled by Manning and maintained by Camp.
The Crustacean Society was incorporated in the District of Columbia and received nonprofit status (501 c3) from the Internal Revenue Service.
A Constitution committee, chaired by Kris W. Thoemke, Rookery Bay National Estuarine Sanctuary, drafted a constitution. The Constitution and Bylaws were approved by members and were published in the JCB 1(2): 293-297.
The first call was issued for manuscripts for the JCB, and processing of manuscripts began in June. By December, 42 manuscripts had been submitted.
The first election to the Board of Governors was held (Board of Governors referred to here as the Board).
The following membership categories were approved by the Board: Founding (1980 only), Sustaining, Regular, and Student.
ASZ Seattle Meeting, December.-Officers were installed at the Society's first annual meeting. Minutes of first annual meeting were published in the JCB 1(1): 149-150. The Society attracted 450 Charter Members during 1980, all of whom supported the Society for one year before the journal was established. Of the Charter Members, 85 were Founding Members, each providing $100 in start-up funds for the Society. Founding Members are listed in the JCB1(1): 151 and below, and Charter Members are listed in the JCB 1(2): 298-307.
1981 Officers 1981, 1982-1983
At-large members were replaced by Regional Governors in 1985.
A major promotional drive was launched by Manning, with flyers based on the JCB mailed to 2,500+ potential subscribers and members.
The Organizing Council continued to serve, along with elected officers, through 1981.
The Board meeting was held in Charleston in October. Minutes were published in the JCB 2(l): 154-156. Initially, Board meetings were to be scheduled between annual meetings at the institution of one ofthe Board members. This proved to be impractical (but not before the Board managed to schedule a meeting in Bermuda in 1984). As most Board members also attended the annual meeting of the ASZ, Board meetings after 1985 were scheduled at the ASZ meeting in advance of the annual meeting of the Society and the summer Board meeting was replaced by a mail meeting.
Three formal award programs were established by the Board: Best Student Paper at the Annual Meeting, Best Paper in the Journal of Crustacean Biology in the previous year, and Excellence in Research. Denton Belk, Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio, agreed to chair the Awards Committee.
The constitution was amended to provide two-year terms for officers. As the Society was still in the throes of organization, 1981 officers agreed to serve for an additional term of two years.
Sandifer resigned as Treasurer and was replaced by C. W. Hart, Jr.
A newsletter (Ecdysiast) was authorized by the Board.
Volume 1 of the JCB contained 50 papers totaling 577 pages.
Membership stood at about 750 (7 Sustaining) at year's end.
ASZ Dallas Meeting, December. - Minutes of the Board meeting and annual meeting were published in the JCB 2(1): 156-157.
The Board voted to extend the terms of current members for an additional two years. A vote by the membership on this issue had indicated no preference between an extension of one or two years.
A Best Student Paper Committee, chaired by Adrian M. Wenner, was established.
A symposium, "Phylogeny within the Crustacea," was organized by Frederick R.Schram. Symposium papers were published by A. A. Balkema in Crustacean Issues, Number 1, "Crustacean Phylogeny," edited by Frederick R. Schram, 1983.
1982
The Business Office was established at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.
A discount book program for members was initiated as one strategy to attract new members with substantial discounts offered by Academic Press on the series Biology of Crustacea. Eventually the book discount program lost any cost effectiveness it might have had and was discontinued in 1986.
The first number ofthe society newsletter, Ecdysiast, was prepared by C. W. Hart, Jr.
Arrangements were made for the JCB to be indexed in BIOSIS, Current Contents, and Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), as part of early campaigns to increase visibility of the Society. Eventually the journal was also covered by Chemical Abstracts, Deep-Sea Abstracts, Marine Science Contents Tables, and Oceanic Abstracts, and the Institute of Scientific Information, USSR.
A Board meeting was held at Washington, D.C., in August. Minutes were published inthe JCB 3(l):159-160.
Volume 2 of the JCB contained 57 papers for a total of 624 pages.
Membership stood at 797 (16 Sustaining) at the end of 1982.
ASZ Louisville Meeting, December.-Minutes of the annual meeting were published in the JCB 3(1): 160-161.
The Board voted to establish a Symposium Committee with Robert H. Gore as chair. Two symposia were sponsored by the Society at the Louisville meeting: "Distribution Patterns of Crayfish," organized by James F. Payne, Memphis State University, in honor of Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, and "Factors Influencing Crustacean Growth," organized by Adrian M.Wenner. Some papers from the Crayfish Symposium were published in the JCB on a merit basis. Papers from Growth Symposium were published in two volumes by Balkema: Crustacean Issues, Number 2,"Larval Growth," and Crustacean Issues, Number 3, "Factors in Adult Growth," both edited by Adrian M. Wenner and published in 1983.
A workshop on Crayfish Culture, organized by Anthony J. Provenzano, Jr., was also sponsored by the Society.
Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., received the society's first award for Excellence in Research.
1983
The Society sponsored a contributed paper session, "Origins and Distributions of Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico Crustacean Fauna," organized by Darryl L. Felder, at the annual meeting of the Association of Southeastern Biologists in Lafayette, Louisiana.
Paul A. Haefner, Jr. assumed editorship of the Ecdysiast.
The Board meeting was held at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington in October. Minutes were published in the JCB 4(1): 172 and were summarized in the Ecdysiast 3(1).
A new membership category, Associate, was authorized by the Board. Associate members were eligible for book discounts offered by the Society and received the newsletter but did not receive the JCB.
A program of publishing invited review papers in the JCB (review papers published in the 1980s listed below) as well as short biographies of carcinologists (also listed below) was authorized by the Board.
Volume 3 ofthe JCB contained 56 papers, totaling 660 pages.
There were 850 members (13 Sustaining) at the end of the year.
ASZ Philadelphia Meeting, December.-Minutes of the annual meeting were published in the JCB 4(2): 341-342 and were summarized in the Ecdysiast 3(1).
A revision of the Constitution was initiated by the Board.
The position of Past-President as a voting member of the Board was created at the annual meeting.
The Symposium Committee was abolished.
An endowment Fund was established.
Austin B. Williams, Systematics Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, was asked to chair an ad hoc committee for The Crustacean Society on common names (L.G. Abele, D.L. Felder, H.H. Hobbs, Jr., R.B. Manning, P.A. McLaughlin, and I. Pérez Farfante, Systematics Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service) to participate in an American Fisheries Society project to publish a list of common namesof decapod crustaceans of North America.The list (Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United Statesand Canada: decapod crustaceans) was published in 1989 as American Fisheries Society Special Publication l7.
Two symposia were sponsored by the Society, "Biogeography of Crustacea," organized by Robert H. Gore and Kenneth L.Heck, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and "Frontiers of Crustacean Endocrinology," organized by Thomas C. Jegla, Kenyon College. Papers from the biogeography symposium were published by Balkema in Crustacean Issues, Number 4, "Biogeography of the Crustacea," Robert H. Gore and Kenneth L. Heck, editors, in 1986.
1984
Officers, 1984-1985
The Board meeting was held at the Bermuda Biological Station in October. Minutes were published in the JCB 5(2): 361, and summarized in the Ecdysiast 4(l).
A decision of the Board at the Bermuda meeting not to accept single species descriptions in the JCB "unless the descriptions are accompanied by significant new information or involve a review or revision "proved to be an irritant to some systematists, several of whom resigned from the Society. The Board decision was in part anattempt to broaden the content of the JCB, making it more attractive to crustacean biologists other than systematists. Eventually it was rescinded, allowing the JCB to handle whatever topics were submitted to it.
The Society published a Special Number of volume 4 of the JCB, "The biology of the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba," based on the First International Symposium on Krill held at Wilmington, North Carolina, in October 1982. The symposium was organized and convened by Robert Y. George, University of North Carolina at Wilmington.
Volume 4 of the JCB contained 63 papers in 707 pages, plus 24 papers totaling 337 pages in the Special Number of the JCB.
Membership figures are not available, but there were 34 Sustaining members.
ASZ Denver Meeting, December.-Minutes of Board and annual meetings were not published, but were summarized in the Ecdysiast 4(l).
A revision of the Constitution was approved by the Board.
At-Large Governors were replaced by Regional Governors, who are concerned with membership and subscription activities in their geographic area. All officers are now to serve staggered terms, half to be elected each year, as follows:
To be elected in odd-numbered years:
President-Elect, Program Officer, Asian Governor, South American Governor. To be elected in even-numbered years:
Secretary, Treasurer, European Governor, Indo-Pacific Governor, North American Governor.
The Society sponsored a symposium,"Refresher Course on Lesser Known Crustacea," organized by Less Watling.
1985
The Business office was transferred to Denton Belk's office in San Antonio.
Volume 5 of the JCB contained 65 papers in 748 pages.
There were 656 members (25 Sustaining) at the end of the year.
ASZ Baltimore Meeting, December.-Minutes of the annual meeting were published in the JCB 6(2): 299. Minutes of the Board meeting were published in the JCB 6(2): 297-298.
A Special Needs Membership Fund was established by the Board to pay all or part of the regular dues for members who temporarily need assistance.
A contributed paper session, "Systematics and Zoogeography of Decapod Crustaceans," was organized by Raymond B. Manning, in honor of Fenner A. Chace, Jr., National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Papers presented at the session were published in the JCB6(3), with the entire number dedicated to Chace.
The Society's second award for Excellence in Research was awarded to Chace during the meeting. A symposium entitled "Functional Morphology of Feeding and Grooming of Selected Crustacea" was organized by Bruce E. Felgenhauer, Florida State University, and Les Watling. Results were published by Balkema in Crustacean Issues, Number 6: "Functional morphology of feeding and grooming in Crustacea," edited by Bruce E. Felgenhauer, Les Watling, and Anne B.Thistle, 1989.
The Past-Presidential address was given by Raymond B. Manning, "Marine Decapod Crustaceans of Ascension Island."
1986 Officers, 1986-1987
Regional Governors (terms in parentheses):
Asia: Tatsunori Ito, Seto Marine Biological laboratory (1986-1987).
Europe: Jan H. Stock, University of Amsterdam (1986).
Indo-Pacific: Donald T. Anderson, University of Sydney (1986).
North America: Elizabeth L. Wenner (1986).
South America: Gilberto Rodriguez, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas (1986-1987).
Raymond T. Bauer, University of Southwestern Louisiana, assumed editorship of the Ecdysiast.
The revised Constitution was printed in the Ecdysiast 5(2).
Raymond B. Manning was appointed Chair of The Crustacean Society Nomenclature Committee.
The Crustacean Society and the Smithsonian Institution Archives signed a formal Agreement of Transfer, making the Smithsonian Archives the official repository for TCS records.
Volume 6 of the JCB contained 72 papers totaling 884 pages.
Membership totaled 769 (41 Sustaining) by the end of the year.
ASZ Nashville Meeting, December.-Minutes of the Board meeting were publishedin the JCB 7(2): 396-397. Minutes of the annual meeting were published in the JCB7(2): 398-399, with a summary also pubished in the Ecdysiast 6(1).
A Journal Endowment Fund was estabished.
The Society sponsored a panel discussion, "Research Problems in Common: Crustaeans and Insects," organized by Frederick Schram and Adrian M. Wenner.
1987
Volume 7 ofthe JCB contained 62 papers, 85 pages.
Membership totaled 777 (39 Sustaining) at the end of the year.
George D. F. Wilson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, succeeded Richard C. Brusca as Program Officer.
ASZ New Orleans Meeting, December.-Minutes of the annual meeting were pubished in the JCB 8(2): 315, and summarized in the Ecdysiast 7(1).
A symposium, "Crustacean Egg Producion," was organized by Adrian M. Wenner and Armand Kuris, University of Califoria, Santa Barbara.
1988 Officers, 1988-1989
Regional Governors (term in parentheses):
Asia: Tatsunori [to (1988-1989).
Europe: Jan Stock (1987-1988).
Indo-Pacific: Geolfrey R. F. Hicks, National Museum ofNew Zea1and (1987-1988).
North America: Dorothy M. Skinner, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1988-1989).
South America: Gilberto Rodriguez (1988-1989).
The Crustacean Society Nomenclature Committee, organized to advise the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature on crustacean names, included the following individuals: Keiji Baba, Kumamoto University, representing the Carcinological Society of Japan; Thomas E. Bowman, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; L. B. Holthuis, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden; J. Y. Liu, Academia Sinica, representing the Chinese Crustacean Society; Raymond B. Manning, representing TCS, chair; Gary C. B. Poore, Museum of Victoria, Australia; S. A. Rodrigues, Universidade de Sao Paulo, representing the Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia; and Austin B. Williams.
Volume 8 of the JCB contained 63 papers, 724 pages. Membership totaled 744 (40 Sustaining) in 1988.
ASZ San Francisco Meeting. December.-Minutes of the annual meeting were published in the JCB 9(2): 356. Minutes of the Board meeting were published in the JCB9(2): 354-355.
A symposium on "Sex Attraction, Mating Behavior, and Insemination in the Crustacea," was organized by Raymond T. Bauer and Joel W. Martin, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History.
1989
Volume 9 of the JCB contained 680 pages, 59 articles.
There were 794 (44 Sustaining) members at the end of the year.
ASZ Boston Meeting, December.-Minutes of the annual meeting were published in the JCB 10(2): 370-371. Minutes of the Board meeting were published in the JCB 10(2):369-370.
A symposium sponsored by the Society, "The biology of the Thalassinoidea," was organized by Darryl L. Felder. Frederick R. Schram gave a Past-Presidential address at a TCS luncheon,"Thoughts on crustacean evolution."
THE AWARDS PROGRAM OF THE CRUSTACEAN SOCIETY
Recognizing that there were few awards of any kind available to invertebrate zoologists, much less to carcinologists, the Board voted in 1981 to establish three formal award programs: Excellence in Research, to be decided upon by the Board on an ad hoc basis at irregular intervals; Best Paper in the Journal of Crustacean Biology in the previous year, an annual award coordinated by the Awards Committee; and Best Student Paper at the Annual Meeting, to be coordinated by a committee at each meeting.
The Crustacean Society Award for Excellence in Research
Through 1985, this award was decided solely at the discretion of the Board, as originally intended by the Board. In 1986, administration of the award apparently was transferred to the Awards Committee by the Board.
Recipients in the 1980s included:
1982, Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for his contributions to knowledge of the freshwater decapods (JCB 3(3): 491).
1985, Fenner A. Chace, Jr., National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for his contributions to knowledge of marine decapods, especially caridean shrimps (JCB 6(3): i-vi).
1987, Dorothy E. Bliss, American Museum of Natural History, New York, for her contributions to knowledge of the biology and physiology of decapods, especially land crabs (JCB 8(4): 706-709).
1989, Talbot H. Waterman, Yale University, New Haven, for his contributions to the knowledge of physiology and vision of crustaceans (JCB 10(2): 372).
The Crustacean Society Award for Best Paper in the Journal of Crustacean Biology
This award was established in 1981 as an annual award to be administered by the Society's Awards Committee. Chairs of the Awards Committee included Denton Belk (1981-1984), Richard C. Brusca (1985,1986), Sandra Gilchrist, New College of Sarasota (1987, 1988), and Joel W. Martin, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (1989-). Although established as an annual award for the best paper in the previous volume ofthe JCB (see ICB 1(2): 179), at some point "best" was changed to outstanding paper (see JCB 3(l): 16 and Ecdysiast 4(1)). This may be the reason that the committee could not decide on a paper in 1986. In 1987, the format for the award was changed, so that two volumes would be reviewed together. Now in alternating years awards are presented in the fields of physiology/endocrinology/related subjects or morphology/ systematics/behavior/related subjects, a curious and perhaps unique system that eliminates the possibility of recognizing deserving papers in some fields in alternate years, in spite of the original intent of the Board to present an annual award.
Volume 1, 1981, Marjorie L. Reaka, University of Maryland, and Raymond B. Manning, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, "The behavior of stomatopod Crustacea, and its relationship to rates of evolution," JCB 1(3): 309-327.
Volume 2, 1982, Charles D. Derby, Boston University, "Structure and function of cuticular sensilla of the lobster Homarus americanus," JCB 2(l): 1-21.
Volume 3, 1983, Bruce E. Felgenhauer and Lawrence G. Abele, Florida State University, "Ultra-structure and functional morphology of feeding and associated appendages in the tropical fresh-water shrimp Atya innocous (Herbst) with notes on its ecology," JCB3(3): 336-363.
Volume 4, 1984, Brian M. Marcotte, McGill University,"Behaviourally defined ecological resources and speciation in Tisbe (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)," JCB 4(3): 404-t 16.
Volume 5, 1985, Charlotte P. Mangum, College of Williamand Mary, Brian R. McMahon, University of Calgary, Peter L. DeFur, George Mason University, and Michele G. Wheatly, University of Calgary, "Gas exchange, acid-base balance, and the oxygen supply to the tissues during a molt of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus," JCB 5(2): 188-206.
Penny Sue Perkins, University of California, "Iron crystals in the attachment organ of the erythrophagous copepod Cardiodectes meduaseus (Pennellidae)," JCB 5(4):591-605.
Volumes 6/7, 1986-1987, Bruce E. Felgenhauer and Lawrence G. Abele, Florida State University, "Phylogenetic and phenetic relationships among thelower Decapoda," JCB 6(3): 385-100,1986.
Volumes 7/8, 1987-1988, David N. Blaustein, Charles D. Derby, Robert B. Simmons, and Arthur C. Beall, Georgia State University, "Structure of the brain and medulla terminalis in the spiny lobster Panulirus argus and the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, with an emphasis on olfactory centers," JCB 8(4): 493-519, 1988.
The Crustacean Society Best Student Paper Awards at Annual Meeting
One of the present functions of the chair of the Awards Committee is to appoint someone to chair the awards committee for the Best Student Paper at the Annual Meeting. Adrian M. Wenner served as chair ofthe Best Student Paper Award, by appointment of the Board, from 1981-1984. Richard C. Brusca, then chair of The Crustacean Society Awards Committee, appointed two chairs for the Best Student Paper Committee: Sandra L. Gilchrist (1985) and Joel W. Martin (1986-).
1981
Sandra L. Gilchrist, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, "Hermit crab shell selection patterns as a function of sampling technique."
1982
Allen Shanks, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, "On-shore migration of megalopa by internal waves."
1983
Romuald N. Lipcius, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, "Regulationof reproductive restlessness in the spiny lobster Panulirus argus."
1984
Joel W. Martin, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, "Natural history and morphology of aeglid crabs (Decapoda, Anomura) from Uruguay."
1985
John K. Douglass, Duke University Marine laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina, "The ontogeny of ocular pigment migrations in grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio."
Judy Williams-Howze, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, "The tube building copepod Pseudostenhelia wellsi: morphological studies."
1986
Michael R. Kubik, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, "Comparative swimming behavior for three species of mysid (Crustacea) from the east coast of U.S.A."
1987
Timothy D. Stebbins, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, "Fish predation on a cryptic commensal isopod." 1988
Patricia A. Spears (with L. G. Abele), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, "Molecular phylogeny of brachyuran crustaceans based on 185 rRNA nucleotide sequences."
Michael Boudrias, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, "Locomotion in deep-sea amphipods: body design and functional morphology of swimming appendages."
1989
Roger B. Griffis, University of California, Irvine, California, "Thalassinid shrimp of the Sea of Cortez: morphological and genetic differentiation from eastern Pacific species."
Invited Review Papers Published in the Journal of Crustacean Biology
This program was authorized by the Board in 1983.
1985
Peter J. Herring, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, United Kingdom, "Bioluminescence in the Crustacea," JCB 5(4):557-573.
1986
Thomas W. Cronin, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, "Optical design and evolutionary adaptation in crustacean compound eyes," JCB 6(l): 1-23.
1987
Milton Flngerman, Tulane University, "The endocrine mechanism of crustaceans," JCB 7(l): 1-24.
1988
M. S. Laverack, Gatty Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom, "The numbers of neurones in decapod Crustacea," JCB 8(l):1-11.
1989
Eric Halberg and Ro1f Eloffson, University of Lund, Sweden, "Construction of the pigment shield of the crustacean compound eye: a review," JCB 9(3): 359-372.
Symposia (S), Special Contributed Paper Sessions (C), and Wokshops (W)
Sponsored by the Crustacean Society and Their Organizers 1981
Phylogeny within the Crustacea (S), Frederick R. Schram.
1982
Distribution patterns of crayfish (S), James F. Payne.
Factors influencing crustacean growth (S), Adrian M. Wenner.
Crayfish culture (W), Anthony J. Provenzano, Jr.
1983
Biogeography of Crustacea (S), Robert H. Gore and Kenneth L. Heck.
Frontiers of crustacean endocrinology, Thomas C. Jegla.
Origins and distribution of Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico crustacean fauna (C; in Lafayette, Louisiana), Darryl L. Felder.
1984
Refresher course on lesser known Crustacea (S), Les Watling.
1985
Functional morphology of feeding and grooming of selected crustaceans (S), Bruce E. Felgenhauer and Les Watling.
Systematics and zoogeography of decapod crustaceans (C), Raymond B. Manning.
1986
Research problems in common: crustaceans and insects (W), Frederick R. Schram.
1987
Crustacean egg production (S), Adrian M. Wenner and Armand Kuris.
1988
Sex attraction, mating behavior, and insemination in the Crustacea (S), Raymond T. Bauer and Joel W. Martin.
1989
The biology of the Thalassinoidea (S), Darryl L. Felder.
Biographies (B) and Obituaries (O) Published in the Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1981-1989
All accounts below, except for that on Ch. Lewinsohn, are accompanied by a photograph. In addition, the journal contains a photograph of Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., in theJCB 3(3): 491.
Balss, Heinrich, 1886-1957 (B), JCB 6(2): 300-301.
Banner, A. H., l9l4-l985 (O), JCB 6(2): 311.
Bliss, Dorothy E., 1916-1987 (O), JCB 8(4): 706-709.
Burkenroad, Martin D., 1910-l986 (O), JCB 6(2): 302-307.
Calman, W. T., 1871-1952 (B), JCB 5(2): 362-363, JCB 8(4): 700-702.
Chace, Fenner A., Jr. (B), JCB 6(3): i-vi.
Fleminger, Abraham, 1925-1988 (O), JCB 8(3): 490-492.
Gordon, IsabelIa, 1901-1988 (B), JCB 8(4): 703-705.
Gurney, Robert, 1879-1950 (B), JCB 9(2): 351-354.
Lebour, Marie Victoire, 1876-1971 (B), JCB 9(1): 188-190.
Lemos de Castro, A., l920-1988 (O), JCB 9(3): 501-502.
Lewinsohn, Ch., 1927-1983 (O), JCB 3(4): 643.
Moreira, Plínio Soares, 1933-1988 (O), JCB 9(3): 503-504.
Poulsen, Erik M., 1900-1985 (O), JCB 6(2): 308-310.
Sakai, T., 1903-1986 (O), JCB 7(1): 198-199.
Villalobos-Figueroa, Alejandro, 1918-1982 (O), JCB 3(3): 492-195.
Wilson, Mildred Stratton, 1909-1973 (B), JCB 8(1): 131-146.
Wright, Stillman, 1898-1989(O), JCB 9(4): 680-683.
In Retrospect
Here I take the opportunity to make some personal remarks about the Society and its operations in these formative years.
Now that the Society has published nine volumes of 572 peer-reviewed articles comprising 6,774 pages, there seems to be little doubt that the time had come for a journal specializing in research articles on crustaceans in the 1980s. In addition to the journal, 14 symposia, special contributed paper sessions, and workshops sponsored by the Society, the many contributed paper sessions on crustaceans at the annual meetings, and the 23 awards bestowed by the Society in the past decade all suggest that its time had come.
One of the unexpected benefits of the Society's awards program is that a summary of the awards over a decade clearly pin-points centers of excellence in both teaching and research. Those who question this merely have to scan the list of awards for the institutions and the individuals involved. The list clearly reflects the excellence of both faculty and students at their institutions.
Three topics dominated Board sessions in the 1980s. The need to recruit members and the separate need to improve drastically the numbers of subscribers are two of these. Both will remain dominant topics for the Board in the 1990s, for if the Society is to remain financially sound, it must increase membership from the present level of about 900 to 1,500. We also need to increase subscriptions from the present level of 250 to at least 500. This means that many members will have to get involved in the process of recruiting new members and selling subscriptions.
The third dominant topic of the 1980s was the question of whether to continue meeting with the American Society of Zoologists at their post-Christmas meeting or to arrange a separate annual meeting for the Society. The primary reasons for meeting with ASZ were three-fold: the Society lacked the financial resources as well as the infra-structure required to arrange meetings, and the ASZ took care of all arrangements for societies meeting with it. Darryl Felder's successful meeting in Lafayette, Louisiana, in 1983 demonstrated that the Society could attract a wide spectrum of participants at a separate meeting. The meeting arranged by Betty Wenner for Charleston in 1992 may provide some answers for the 1990s.
There is a continuing need for students to get involved in the annual meeting, especially to undergo the learning process and the trauma of organizing and presenting a talk and competing for the Best Student Paper Award. Members with students should encourage them to participate in the Society's annual meeting.
Acknowledgments
In spite of the support, work, and even good will of the many individuals who have contributed to the Society over the past decade, I suspect that it is unlikely that the Society would be looking ahead to its second decade without the leadership and hard work of two individuals, our Editor, Arthur G. Humes, and our Treasurer, Denton Belk. Arthur single-handedly developed the Journal of Crustacean Biology into a world-class journal, a job for which he has received precious little recognition. Denton took control of the Society's finances at a time when it neared bankiuptcy and in five short years brought the Society out of the red into the black. Both of these individuals who have given so unselfishly to the Society deserve much more than the thanks for a job well-done given here.
Other contributors to the Society whom I thank here include the members of the Organizing Council for their support and help during the formative years; the officers of the Society and members of various working committees, all of whom I tried to name in this account; and all of the many individuals who organized symposia and other special sessions, oversaw the Society's booths at the annual meetings, chaired sessions on crustaceans, and judged student papers at the annual meetings.
I also acknowledge the invaluable contributions of three individuals: David K. Camp, who volunteered for the thankless and rather large job of entering and managing our early mailing lists; Adrian M. Wenner, who understood what was needed at an annual meeting better than most of us and did whatever had to be done to make things work; and Paul A. Haefner, Jr., whose summaries of the officers ofthe society over the 1980s and their duties and whose accurate meeting notes eased my task of preparing this history.
[From the Journal of Crustacean Biology, 10(4): 735-750. 1990.]