Margaret Leinen
Chief Science Officer
Climos, Inc.

Background
Dr. Leinen is Chief Science Officer at Climos, Inc., a private company exploring various processes for naturally removing large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere. Prior to this, Dr. Leinen served as Assistant Director for Geosciences at the National Science Foundation. Prior to coming to NSF, Dr. Leinen was Dean, Graduate School of Oceanography, and Vice Provost for Marine and Environmental Programs at the University of Rhode Island. She spent her academic career in the fields of paleo-oceanography and paleoclimatology.

Abstract
The recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emphasizes the virtual certainty of climate change and the major influence of human activity in causing the change. Many research studies since the report suggest bigger impacts and more rapid rates of change than highlighted by IPCC. What are the choices available to us to deal with CO2 emissions? Are they sufficient to reduce our risk of substantial climate impact? Is ocean iron fertilization an option and how can geoscientists contribute to its evaluation? Finally, what should we make of the interest of the private sector in funding development activity in climate mitigation and adaptation?